WHAT IS GLUTEN?
A protein present in grains such as wheat, rye and barley. It provides the elasticity of dough, the chewy texture of bread and the absorbency of donuts. Gluten is actually a number of different proteins. The one found in wheat is gliadin. The one in barley is hordein. The one in rye is secalin.
CELIAC DISEASE (also confusingly referred to as Gluten intolerance) is an auto immune disorder, whereby the body’s white blood cells attack the small intestines when triggered by gluten containing foods. Detected by a blood test identifying gliadin antibodies. This attack destroys the villi (finger-like protuberances) in the intestines, which results in reduced absorption of nutrients.
Symptoms are many and varied – bloating, indigestion, poor appetite, copious diarrhoea that floats, constipation, weight loss, abdominal pain, mouth ulcers, blistery skin eruptions (dermatitis herpetiformis), depression/anxiety, abnormal dental enamel, anaemia, fatigue, bacterial overgrowth in the gut, osteoporosis/penia, short stature, can contribute to thyroid and diabetic issues and in the long term associated with milk intolerance, adenocarcinoma and lymphoma in the small intestine – for example.
WHEAT ALLERGY is an exaggerated immune response to gliadin (found in wheat products). The gastrointestinal tract inflames, creating indigestion, bloating and stool irregularity. Reaction occurs quickly after the consumption.
WHEAT OR GLUTEN INTOLERANCE is a non-immune response to wheat/gluten products, which makes digestion difficult or slower. Often symptoms of bloating and indigestion develop hours or days after ingestion.
Symptoms of these problems will generally disappear with a gluten free diet:
Avoiding: Wheat, Rye, Barley (for extra sensitive people also oats)
Avoiding the flours of these grains – which are regularly, used as processing aids as binders, fillers, flavour carriers. So read labels on all packaged foods.
Avoiding any potential contamination of food by these proteins (for people with allergies and coeliacs particularly)
What can you eat?
Gluten-free products – Commercial gluten-free flour blends made primarily of white rice flour, tapioca starch, and potato starch are products of nutrition and contain almost no fibre. Depending on the soil it is grown in gluten rich grains often contain B-Vitamins, minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium) and also fibre, so be wary not to miss out on these through other foods.
Grains: Rice, Corn, Millet, Quinoa, Amaranth, Buckwheat (not buckwheat flour, it’s mixed with wheat flour generally)
All legumes, nuts and seeds, coconuts, fruit, vege, dairy, fish, eggs etc etc
Wheat intolerant people: May be okay eating spelt, rye, barley and oats. Lots of guidance from http://www.celiacsociety.com/searchFood.asp – Has a search engine if unsure whether or not a food contains gluten
WHERE DO YOU FIND GLUTEN?
The commonest gluten grains are wheat, barley, rye, oats, spelt, kamut, couscous, triticale, bulgur and semolina but there are others too, including, durum, seitan, faro, emmer, graham, malt and einkorn.
Gluten is hidden in so many things especially processed foods often used as additives or to bulk up foods. Some hidden sources include soup mixes, sauces, soy sauce, candies, salad dressings, frozen meatballs, cold cuts, low and no fat foods to name just a few.
They often appear labeled as “modified food starch.” Malts Starches Hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) Texturized vegetable protein (TVP) Natural flavoring.
Gluten sensitivity could affect as many as 1 in 7 people.
Because it is still an “alternative diagnosis”, it is often not considered during a doctor’s visit.
Why does it happen?
Maybe the high incidence of it is associated with the hybridisation of wheat throughout the industrial and green revolutions. This has changed the nature of the grain that potentially our digestive enzymes haven’t evolved to meet.
The ongoing use of synthetic chemicals in the production of wheat has over time lead to an issue with our ability to deal with it.
Often “wheat” is so refined by the time we ingest it, that it is a long way from it’s whole state. This then becomes increasingly foreign to the digestive system.
“I’m gluten intolerant intolerant” – Mandy Nolan, Comedian, and perhaps the Lonely Heart’s club Second unit director Duncan agrees…
Download the podcast from: http://www.abc.net.au/rn/thelonelyheartsclub/episodes.htm